Ali akbar dareini biography definition

Iranian term for a sanction-circumventing economy

See also: Protectionism

A resistance economy, also known as a resistive economy (Persian: اقتصاد مقاومتی) is an economy that tries to circumvent sanctions imposed on the country or region.

This can involve increasing resilience by substituting local inputs for imported inputs, the smuggling of goods and an increase in barter trade. A country may even attempt to turn these pressures into opportunities. In some ways sanctioned economies bear some resemblance to an economy on a war or emergency footing.^[1]

Measuring economic activity in nations under sanctions requires different techniques than those used for other countries.

Terminology

This phrase first used by Ayatollah Khamenei Supreme Leader of Iran during a meeting with Iranian entrepreneurs as a response to international sanctions against Iran in 2011.^[2]

History

Gaza

See also: Blockade of the Gaza Strip

The term was u